A great way to show how much air expands when it gets hot.
These experiments are from Robert Krampf - The Happy Scientist
This week's experiment is a simple one that I came across while washing
dishes. Even thought it was an accidental thing, it really is a great way to
show how much air expands when it gets hot. To try it, you will need:
a sink or bathtub of hot water
a plastic soft drink bottle or similar container
The first thing we need is a lot of hot water. You could fill the sink with
hot water if it is time to wash the dishes, or you could fill the tub with
water if it is time to take a bath. You need the water to be fairly deep, so
you will have room to get most of the bottle under water. The water should
be hot, but not hot enough to burn you.
Turn the bottle so that the opening is at the bottom and push it into the
water. Hold the bottle there and watch the opening carefully. What happens?
Air begins to bubble out of the bottle. As you watch, more and more air
continues to come out. You may be quite surprised at how much air leaves the
bottle.
Once the air stops coming out of the bottle, put the cap back on. Screw it
on tightly. Then remove the bottle from the water. Place it on the table
and watch it carefully. What happened? Slowly, the bottle collapses. Why?
When you put the bottle into the hot water, the air in the bottle gets
warmer. As it warms up, the molecules move around more energetically. The
molecules bounce against the bottle and the water with more force. This
forces some of the air out of the bottle. As the air gets warmer and warmer,
the air in the bottle pushes outwards more and more, causing more and more
bubbles to come from the bottle.
When the air in the bottle had expanded all it is going to, you put the cap
on the bottle and removed it from the water. At that point, the air in the
bottle began to cool. The molecules moved less energetically, causing the
air to exert less force on the sides of the bottle. The stronger pressure on
the outside of the bottle crushes it inwards.
You can take this experiment a step farther by using a balloon. Put the
balloon over the mouth of the bottle before you put it into the hot water.
As the air heats up, it will inflate the balloon. Then remove the balloon to
equalize the pressure. Put it back on the bottle and then remove it from the
water. Now as the air in the bottle cools, it will exert less force and the
stronger pressure on the outside will force the balloon into the bottle.
Keep playing and you can discover all sorts of things, as well as having some
fun.
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